Gynecology - Obstetrics

Scarring that binds together the surfaces of tissues inside the abdomen or uterus.

Abnormal absence or suppression of menstruation

The surgical insertion of a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus of a pregnant female to obtain amniotic fluid especially to examine the fetal chromosomes for an abnormality and for the determination of sex

They are a type of protein. They are produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances that may be a threat to the body -- such as chemicals, virus particles, spores, or bacterial toxins.

The process of obtaining a sample of cells and bits of tissue for examination by applying suction through a fine needle attached to a syringe

A type of vaginal infection caused by the overgrowth of a number of organisms that are normally found in the vagina.

A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breasts. It is used to detect tumors and cysts and to help differentiate benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) disease.

Of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life <a benign tumor>. Having a good prognosis : responding favorably to treatment

A minor surgical procedure to remove a small piece of tissue that is then examined under a microscope.

Any of various preparations that usually contain a combination of a progestogen (as norethindrone) and an estrogen (as ethinyl estradiol) but sometimes only a progestogen. They are taken orally especially on a daily basis, and act as contraceptives typically preventing ovulation by suppressing secretion of gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone) -- called also oral contraceptive, oral contraceptive pill

A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas ; especially : URINARY BLADDER

Also called yeast infection or moniliasis, a type of vaginitis caused by the overgrowth of Candida (a fungus normally found in the vagina).

Another term for dysplasia; a noncancerous condition that occurs when normal cells on the surface of the cervix are replaced by a layer of abnormal cells.

A antibiotic used to treat, among other kinds of infections, certain types of vaginitis.

An organ that is located near the opening to the vagina and is a source of female sexual excitement.

A special magnifying instrument used to examine the cervix, vagina, or vulva.

Viewing of the cervix under magnification with a colposcope.

Another name for the genital warts; they are soft wart-like growths on the genitals caused by a viral skin disease. Genital warts are a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD).

A procedure in which a cone-shaped wedge of tissue is removed from the cervix.

A yellowish mass of progesterone-secreting endocrine tissue that consists of pale secretory cells derived from granulosa cells, that forms immediately after ovulation from the ruptured graafian follicle in the mammalian ovary, and that regresses rather quickly if the ovum is not fertilized but persists throughout the ensuing pregnancy if it is fertilized

A procedure in which a sample of the endometrium is removed with a small, spoon-shaped instrument.

An abnormal pouch or sac in an internal organ or structure.

Discomfort and pain during the menstrual period.

Pain during or after intercourse.

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants in tissue outside of the uterus, and the placenta and fetus begin to develop there. The most common site is within a fallopian tube. However, ectopic pregnancies can rarely occur in the ovary, the abdomen, and in the lower portion of the uterus (the cervix).

The removal of abnormal growths (of the cervix, vagina, vulva, etc) using a thin wire loop and electric energy.

The developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception

The presence and growth of functioning endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus that often results in severe pain and infertility

The mucous membrane that lines the uterus.

A liquid injected into the rectum to empty the intestines.

A surgical incision made into the perineum (the region between the vagina and the anus) to widen the vaginal opening for delivery.

A female hormone produced in the ovaries that stimulates the growth of the lining of the uterus.

A sheet or band of fibrous tissue supporting muscles and organs of the body.

Joining of a mature female egg cell and a male sperm cell.

A sign that the baby may be having problems before delivery.

A developing human from usually three months after conception to birth

Benign (noncancerous) growths that form on the inside of the uterus, on its outer surface, or within the uterine wall itself.

An abnormal passage leading from an abscess or hollow organ to the body surface or from one hollow organ to another and permitting passage of fluids or secretions

The saclike structure that forms inside an ovary when an egg is produced.

A benign cyst that forms on an ovary and usually resolves on its own without treatment.

The use of medications that produce a sleeplike state to prevent pain during surgery.

A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids or sap and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells remote from its point of origin ; especially : one exerting a stimulatory effect on a cellular activity

A virus that attacks certain cells of the body’s immune system and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The common name for a group of related viruses, some of which cause genital warts and are linked to cervical changes and cancer.

Surgical removal of the uterus.

A surgical procedure in which a slender light-transmitting telescope, a hysteroscope, is used to view the inside of the uterus.

The inability in a male to have an erection or to sustain it until ejaculation or intercourse takes place.

The planned termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.

The inability to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.

A small device that is inserted and left inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

Pelvic muscle strengthening exercises

A slender, light-transmitting instrument that is used to view the pelvic organs or perform surgery.

Benign (not cancerous) tumors made of muscle tissue that grow in the uterus and may cause pain or bleeding; commonly called fibroids.

The use of drugs that prevent pain in a part of the body.

Excision of a breast tumor with a limited amount of associated tissue

A usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets

The time in a young woman’s life when menstrual periods begin.

The time in a woman’s life when the ovaries stop functioning and menstruation stops.

a discharging of blood, secretions, and tissue debris from the uterus that recurs in nonpregnant human and other primate females of breeding age at approximately monthly intervals and that is considered to represent a readjustment of the uterus to the nonpregnant state following proliferative changes accompanying the preceding ovulation

The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.

Surgical removal of uterine fibroids only, leaving the uterus in place.

The release of an egg from one of the ovaries.

A test in which cells are taken from the cervix and vagina and examined under a microscope

Examination of a woman’s internal and external reproductive organs.

Infection of the female reproductive tract (as the fallopian tubes and ovaries) that results especially from microorganisms transmitted during sexual intercourse, surgery, abortion, or parturition, that is marked especially by lower abdominal pain, an abnormal vaginal discharge, and fever, and that is a leading cause of infertility in women

The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds the internal organs.

Tissue that connects mother and fetus and provides nourishment to and takes away waste from the fetus.

The term used to describe a group of physical or behavioral changes that some women experience before their menstrual periods every month.

A female hormone that is produced in the ovaries and prepared the lining of the uterus during the second half of the menstrual cycle to nourish a fertilized egg.

Acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy. German measles

Cessation of menstruation in a woman who has previously experienced normal menses

Diseases that are spread by sexual contact, including chlamydia infection, gonorrhea, genital warts, herpes, syphilis, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

any of various instruments for insertion into a body passage to facilitate visual inspection or medication <a vaginal speculum>

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are mildly abnormal cells found on a Pap smear. These abnormal cells do not usually develop into cancer.

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), usually indicates the presence of the vaginal wart virus, human papillomavirus. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions mean moderate to severe dysplasia of the cervix, precancerous lesions and carcinoma in situ. Without proper treatment these dangerous conditions may turn into invasive cervical cancer, which spreads to other organs and is rather difficult to cure.

Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infection caused by a sexually-transmitted parasitic organism.

Surgical procedure commonly known as "tying the tubes". A woman's fallopian tubes transport mature eggs from the ovary to the uterus approximately once a month. When sperm travels from the uterus through the fallopian tubes toward the ovary, it may encounter a mature egg -- and fertilization may result. Tubal ligation permanently sterilizes a woman by preventing transport of the egg (ovum) to the uterus, and by blocking the passage of sperm up the tube to the ovulating ovary where fertilization normally occurs.

A test in which sound waves are used to examine or view the internal organs or fetus.

A pair of tubes, each leading from one of the kidneys to the bladder.

the canal that in most mammals carries off the urine from the bladder and in the male serves also as a genital duct

A muscular organ located in the female pelvis that contains and nourishes the developing embryo and fetus during pregnancy.

Involuntary spasm of the pubic muscles and lower vagina that makes penetration by the penis difficult, painful, or impossible.

The lips of the female external genital area